Analysis of variation trend in health workforce equity allocation in China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the long-term trends of the changes in the equity of China's health workforce allocation to provide a reference for the more balanced and orderly development of China's health system.@*METHODS@#The Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the degree of equity in the allocation of health workforce between regions, and the Gini coefficients for the allocation of doctors and nurses based on population and regional gross domestic product (GDP) distribution were calculated respectively.@*RESULTS@#In 2019, the number of licensed (assistant) physicians per 1 000 population in China was 2.77, and the number of registered nurses per 1 000 population was 3.18. The Gini coefficient for the distribution of licensed (assistant) physicians by population was 0.141 in 2002, decreasing to 0.081 by 2014 and then remained stable. The Gini coefficient for the distribution of registered nurses by population was 0.164 in 2002 and decreased to 0.066 in 2018. The Gini coefficient for the distribution of licensed (assistant) physicians by GDP was 0.236 in 2002, decreased to 0.169 in 2013, then increased to 0.183 and remained stable. The Gini coefficient for the distribution of registered nurses by GDP was 0.206 in 2002, decreased to 0.150 in 2013, and then increased each year to 0.180 in 2019. The equity of the allocation of registered nurses by population was worse than the equity of the allocation of licensed (assistant) physicians in 2002, and in 2016, for the first time, exceeded that of licensed (assistant) physicians.@*CONCLUSION@#Equity in the allocation of health workforce across China has improved, but the improvement in equity between regions has hit a bottleneck, with health workforce allocation in the western regions still relatively scarce. Although nursing workforce allocation equity caught up with licensed (assistant) physicians, the number of licensed (assistant) physicians is close to that of developed western countries, while there is a large gap in registered nurses. It is recommended that the relevant authorities make good long-term planning for health workforce, further increase the policy for the introduction of health workforce in the western region, and increase the supply of healthcare services in the western region with the help of digital transformation of healthcare and internet healthcare. At the same time, they should further increase investment in resources for higher nursing education and actively plan to cope with the ageing population.

Economic burden and factors associated with Crohn's disease / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the economic burden of Crohn's disease and its related factors, and to provide opinions for reducing personal burden and improving reimbursement policy.@*METHODS@#Using a cross-sectional method, a self-created questionnaire based on the basic principles of health services research was used to survey Crohn's disease patients served by the Shanghai volunteer service foundation platform. Information collected included basic characteristics, therapy, and medical costs related to Crohn's disease in the past 12 months. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the composition of inpatient and outpatient costs of Crohn's disease for treatment of the disease in the past year. Further, a logarithm-linear model was constructed to analyse the factors associated with the financial burden of Crohn's disease.@*RESULTS@#In the study, 820 questionnaires were distributed and 799 questionnaires were returned, of which 797 were valid. There were 528 (66.25%) males and 269 (33.75%) females. The mean age of the patients was (34.02±11.49) years, with a concentration between 18-39 years (510 cases, 63.99%) and a mean disease duration of (5.58±5.13) years. 10.7% of the patients did not receive continuous treatment, and the average annual treatment cost for the patients with continuous treatment was 54 246 Yuan, of which 30 279 Yuan (55.8%) was paid by the individuals and 23 966 Yuan (44.2%) was paid by the insurance. The personal financial burden was close to the national per capita disposable income in 2020, which was 32 189 Yuan (94.1%), exceeding the annual cost for type 2 diabetes in China in 2016, 8 245 Yuan. In terms of the distribution of outpatient and inpatient services, the average annual cost of inpatient services was 31 092 Yuan, of which 14 673 Yuan (48.5%) was paid out of pocket by the individuals and 16 418 Yuan (51.5%) was paid by the insurance; the average annual cost of outpatient services was 23 154 Yuan, of which 15 606 Yuan (65.1%) was paid out of po-cket by the individuals and 7 548 Yuan (34.9%) was paid by the insurance. The personal burden of outpatient care was higher than of inpatient care. The regression results of the logarithm-linear model showed that the total annual treatment cost was related to the duration of illness (β=0.03, P < 0.01), having complications (β=-0.68, P < 0.01), receiving surgical treatment (β=0.52, P < 0.01), using immunosuppressive drugs (β=0.51, P < 0.01), annual outpatient visits (β=0.02, P < 0.05), and number of hospitalizations per year (β=0.08, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The annual financial burden for patients with Crohn's disease is heavy and rises significantly with the duration of illness, exceeding that of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The personal financial burden is close to the national per capita disposable income, and the medical security department should develop policies to reduce the financial burden. The inclusion of Crohn's disease as a special outpatient disease is a possible measure that could be considered in response to the fact that the outpatient personal financial burden is heavier than the inpatient's.

Risk factors for corneal epithelial dysfunction after vitrectomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the risk factors of corneal epithelial dysfunction(CED)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).<p>METHODS: Clinical data of 235 patients with 235 eyes of PPV from July 2016 to June 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The age, sex and related medical history of the patients(such as ocular lesions and systemic diseases)were collected, and the intraocular fillers, operation time, postoperative intraocular pressure were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CED after PPV.<p>RESULTS: The incidence of CED after PPV was 16.6%(39/235), and the incidence of persistent corneal epithelial lesion was 1.3%(3/235). Logistic regression showed that age, preoperative xerophthalmia, diabetes mellitus, Silicone oil filling, postoperative high intraocular pressure and operation time were risk factors for CED after PPV. The <i>OR</i> values were 1.270, 5.218, 18.598, 4.659, 10.799 and 1.104, respectively.<p>CONCLUSION: Age, preoperative xerophthalmia, diabetes mellitus, silicone oil filling, postoperative high intraocular pressure and operation time are risk factors for CED after PPV.

Effect of minimally external surgery under microscopy on the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To observe, analyze and compare the effect of minimally external surgery under microscopy and traditional external surgery on the treatment of non-complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. <p>METHODS:The clinical data of 53 patients with 53 eyes of non-complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in our hospital was analyzed retrospectively, of which the minimally external retinal detachment surgery under microscopy was performed in 25 patients with 25 eyes of non-complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(the research group), and the traditional external retinal detachment surgery was performed in 28 patients with 28 eyes of non-complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(the control group). All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, and the clinical efficacy and complications of the two groups were compared and analyzed. <p>RESULTS: In postoperative hole closure, there was no significant difference in the primary rate of reattachment of the retina between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). The best corrected visual acuity after surgery was better than that before surgery in both groups. There was no significant difference in the increase of postoperative visual acuity between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in operative time between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The effect of minimally external retinal surgery under microscopy and traditional external retinal surgery is similar in the treatment of non-complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, but the minimally external retinal surgery has the advantages of shorter time, less damage and fewer complications.

Identification of biomarkers in urine of rats with spleen Qi deficiency and biological significance / 中国中药杂志

To identify biomarkers for spleen Qi deficiency by analyzing small molecule metabolites in urine, in order to expound the relationship between biomarkers and metabolic pathways. The spleen Qi deficiency model was established through dietary restriction and overstrain. All of the rats received D-xylose absorption experiment and blood routine test. Urine samples were collected in the next day. The urine samples were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS to obtain the dataset of urine metabolic group. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partialleast squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other multivariate statistical methods were employed to evaluate the quality of the dataset and screen out potential biomarkers of spleen Qi deficiency. The results of D-xylose absorption and blood routine demonstrated that the spleen Qi deficiency model was successfully established. In positive ion mode and negative ion mode, PCA and OPLS-DA score plots could clearly distinguish model group and blank group. According to S-plot of OPLS-DA, VIP value, t-test and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), 24 biomarkers, including phenylalanine, succinic acid, aconitic acid, isocitrate acid, betaine, kynurenine, indole, creatine, creatinine, orotic acid, xanthine, and xanthurenic acid, were identified as associated with the spleen Qi deficiency, mainly involving energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Urine metabolomics method combined with online software package for data processing and analysis metabolic pathway can provide new methods and ideas for studies for spleen Qi deficiency and other traditional Chinese medicine symptoms.

Research on surgical methods for angle-closure glaucoma with different closure conditions accompanied with cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

? AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of the phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis and the phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy for angle-closure glaucoma ( ACG ) with different closure conditions accompanied with cataract.?METHODS:A total of 65 patients (70 eyes) with primary ACG accompanied with cataract were selected from those admitted in our hospital and were given phacoemulsification with goniosynechialysis ( group A, 30 patients with 33 eyes ) and the phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy ( group B, 35 patients with 37 eyes ) according to the conditions of the closed anterior angle, respectively. The two groups of patients were observed for preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , vision, anterior chamber depth, and complications, and were followed up for 6. 5mo (6-8mo) on average.?RESULTS: Mean postoperative IOP in either group A or group B at 1mo after operation was of statistically significant difference, compared with mean preoperative IOP (P0. 05) and postoperative complications (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSION: Clinical doctors can choose appropriate treatment according to different conditions of the closed anterior angle in patients with primary angle- closure glaucoma.

Risk assessment of ischemic stroke associated pneumonia / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Cerebral stroke is a disease with a high disability rate and a high fatality rate. This study was undertaken to assess the risk of stroke associated pneumonia (SAP) in patients with ischemic stroke using A2DS2 score. METHODS: Altogether 1279 patients with ischemic stroke who were treated in our department from 2009 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed with A2DS2 score. A2DS2 score was calculated as follows: age ≥75 years=1, atrial fi brillation=1, dysphagia=2, male sex=1; stroke severity: NIHSS score 0–4=0, 5–15=3, ≥16=5. The patients were divided into three groups according to A2DS2 score: 620 in score 0 group, 383 in score 1–9 group, and 276 in score ≥10 group. The three groups were comparatively analyzed. The diagnostic criteria for SAP were as follows: newly emerging lesions or progressively infiltrating lesions on post-stroke chest images combined with more than two of the following clinical symptoms of infection: (1) fever ≥38 °C; (2) newly occurred cough, productive cough or exacerbation of preexisting respiratory tract symptoms with or without chest pain; (3) signs of pulmonary consolidation and/or wet rales; (4) peripheral white blood cell count ≥10×109/L or ≤4×109/L with or without nuclear shift to left, while excluding some diseases with clinical manifestations similar to pneumonia, such as tuberculosis, pulmonary tumors, non-infectious interstitial lung disease, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism and atelectasis. The incidence and mortality of SAP as well as the correlation with ischemic stroke site were analyzed in the three groups respectively. Mean± standard deviation was used to represent measurement data with normal distribution and Student'st test was used. The chi-square test was used to calculate the percentage for enumeration data. RESULTS: The incidence of SAP was significantly higher in the A2DS2 score≥10 group than that in the score 1–9 and score 0 groups (71.7％ vs. 22.7％, 71.7％ vs. 3.7％, respectively), whereas the mortality in the score≥10 group was signifi cantly higher than that in the score 1–9 and score 0 groups (16.7％ vs. 4.96％, 16.7％ vs. 0.3％, respectively). The incidences of cerebral infarction in posterior circulation and cross-MCA, ACA distribution areas were significantly higher than those in the SAP group and in the non-SAP group (35.1％ vs.10.1％, 11.4％ vs. 7.5％, respectively). The incidence of non-fermentative bacteria infection was significantly increased in the score≥10 group. CONCLUSIONS: A2DS2 score provides a basis for risk stratification of SAP. The prevention of SAP needs to be strengthened in acute ischemic stroke patients with a A2DS2 score≥10.

Research and analysis on corneal endothelial cell morphology and corneal thickness in patients with diabetics / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To assess the impact of diabetes on corneal endothelial cells through the quantitative analysis of corneal endothelial cell morphology for patients with diabetics. METHODS: The corneal thickness and endothelial cell morphology of 360 eyes of 299 cases were detected using full automatic corneal endothelial cell analyzer. The normal control group included 175 eyes of 148 cases, and there were 185 eyes of 151 cases for the patients with diabetes, 110 eyes of 92 cases for the non-proliferating phase group and 75 eyes of 59 cases for the proliferating phase group. The average density of central corneal endothelial cells, proportion of hexagonal cells, coefficient of variation and corneal thickness were compared among groups, and then the statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Compared with the cornea of the normal group, in the diabetes group, the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness increased, while the average density of central corneal endothelial cells and proportion of hexagonal cells decreased, showing a significant difference (P0. 05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the cornea of normal control group, in the diabetes group, the corneal endothelial cells show abnormal morphology, which aggravates with the severity of lesions, especially for the significant changes in the coefficient of variation and the proportion of hexagonal cells. As a result, the corneal resistance to damage in patients with diabetes will decrease.

Excess nicotinamide increases plasma serotonin and histamine levels / 生理学报

Methylation, a methyl group-consuming reaction, plays a key role in the degradation (i.e., inactivation) of monoamine neurotransmitters, including catecholamines, serotonin and histamine. Without labile methyl groups, the methylation-mediated degradation cannot take place. Although high niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) intake, which is very common nowadays, is known to deplete the body's methyl-group pool, its effect on monoamine-neurotransmitter degradation is not well understood. The aim of this article was to investigate the effect of excess nicotinamide on the levels of plasma serotonin and histamine in healthy subjects. Urine and venous blood samples were collected from nine healthy male volunteers before and after oral loading with 100 mg nicotinamide. Plasma N(1)-methylnicotinamide, urinary N(1)-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-Py), and plasma betaine levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma concentrations of choline, serotonin and histamine were measured using commercial kits. The results showed that the plasma N(1)-methylnicotinamide level and the urinary excretion of 2-Py significantly increased after oral loading with 100 mg nicotinamide, which was accompanied with a decrease in the methyl-group donor betaine. Compared with those before nicotinamide load, five-hour postload plasma serotonin and histamine levels significantly increased. These results suggest that excess nicotinamide can disturb monoamine-neurotransmitter metabolism. These findings may be of significance in understanding the etiology of monoamine-related mental diseases, such as schizophrenia and autism (a neurodevelopmental disorder).

The predictive value of histological tumor regression grading (TRG) for therapeutic evaluation in locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy / 癌症

Response criteria remain controversial in therapeutic evaluation for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to identify the predictive value of tumor regression grading (TRG) in tumor response and prognosis. Fifty-two patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy and radical 2-field lymphadenectomy between June 2007 and June 2011 were included in this study. All tissue specimens were reassessed according to the TRG scale. Potential prognostic factors, including clinicopathologic factors, were evaluated. Survival curves were generated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were determined with multivariate analysis by using the Cox regression model. Our results showed that of 52 cases, 43 (83%) were squamous cell carcinoma and 9 (17%) were adenocarcinoma. TRG was correlated with pathologic T(P = 0.006) and N (P < 0.001) categories. Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 33 months. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 71% and 44%, respectively. Univariate survival analysis results showed that favorable prognostic factors were histological subtype (P = 0.003), pathologic T category (P = 0.026), pathologic N category (P < 0.001), and TRG G0 (P = 0.041). Multivariate analyses identified pathologic N category (P < 0.001) as a significant independent prognostic parameter. Our results indicate that histomorphologic TRG can be considered as an alternative option to predict the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factor for patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation and copy number in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 癌症

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and copy number are useful predictive markers that guide the selection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for EGFR-targeting therapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between EGFR gene mutation and copy number and clinicopathologic characteristics of Chinese patients with NSCLC. NSCLC specimens collected from 205 patients between November 2009 and January 2011 were selected to detect EGFR gene mutations with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to detect EGFR gene copy number with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). EGFR mutations primarily occurred in females, non-smokers, and patients with adenocarinomas (all P < 0.001). Tissues from 128 (62%) patients were FISH-positive for EGFR, including 37 (18%) with gene amplification and 91 (44%) with high polysomy. EGFR gene mutation was correlated with FISH-positive status (R = 0.340, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that not smoking (OR = 5.910, 95% CI = 2.363-14.779, P < 0.001) and having adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.026-0.581, P = 0.008) were favorable factors for EGFR gene mutation. These results show a high frequency of EGFR FISH positivity in NSCLC tissues from Chinese patients and a significant relevance between EGFR gene mutations and FISH-positive status. Among the FISH-positive samples, EGFR gene mutation occurred more frequently in samples with gene amplification compared to those with high polysomy, suggesting that EGFR mutation and gene amplification should be used as clinical decision parameters to predict response to EGFR-targeting therapy.

Correlation between EGFR gene mutation and high copy number and their association with the clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between gene mutation and gene copy number and their association with the clinical profiles and pathological features in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgical specimens of cancer tissue were collected from 118 NSCLC patients. Gene mutations in exon 19 and exon 21 were detected by real-time PCR and gene copy number was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Chi-square (χ(2)) test was performed to analyze the correlation between EGFR mutation and gene copy number, and explore their association with clinicopathological features in the NSCLC patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mutation frequency in EGFR was 41.5% (49/118). EGFR mutations occured in 50.0% (48/96) of patients with adenocarinoma and 5.0% (1/20) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR gene high copy number was detected in 70.3% (83/118)of the patients. The FISH-positive rate was 78.1% (75/96) in adenocarcinoma and 35.0% (7/20) in squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR mutation and high copy number mainly occurred in the adenocarcinoma, advanced stage, female gender, and non-smoking patients. There was a significant correlation between EGFR gene mutation and gene high copy number.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EGFR gene mutation and gene high copy number are more common in Chinese NSCLC patients with adenocarcinomas, advanced stage, non-smokers and females. There is a significant correlation between gene mutation and gene high copy number. Combined analysis of EGFR mutation and gene copy number by FISH may provide a superior approach in selecting patients who may benefit from anti-EGFR target therapy.</p>

Current status of the study on complement activation by solid biomaterial / 中国医疗器械杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve our comprehensions to complement activation by biomaterial and lay the foundation for biosafety evaluation of solid biomaterials together with the corresponding blood contacting medical devices.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analyzed new requirements of current standards on complement activation by solid biomaterial as well as the mechanism of complement activation by solid biomaterial and how to select the related standards for inspection.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>The new edition of international standards has enhanced types of blood contacting medical devices which are appropriate to complement activation test. It is badly in need of establishing the corresponding industry standards to regulate these requirements, since there have no uniform and admissive methods for inspection of complement activation by solid biomaterial.</p>

Chronic nicotinamide overload and type 2 diabetes / 生理学报

Type 2 diabetes is a major global health problem. It is generally accepted that type 2 diabetes is the result of gene-environmental interaction. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction is unclear. Diet change is known to play an important role in type 2 diabetes. The fact that the global high prevalence of type 2 diabetes has occurred following the spread of food fortification worldwide suggests a possible involvement of excess niacin intake. Our recent study found that nicotinamide overload and low nicotinamide detoxification may induce oxidative stress associated with insulin resistance. Based on the relevant facts, this review briefly summarized the relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the nicotinamide metabolism changes induced by excess niacin intake, aldehyde oxidase inhibitors, liver diseases and functional defects of skin. We speculate that the gene-environmental interaction in type 2 diabetes may be a reflection of the outcome of the association of chronic nicotinamide overload-induced toxicity and the relatively low detoxification/excretion capacity of the body. Reducing the content of niacin in foods may be a promising strategy for the control of type 2 diabetes.

Differences in glycosylation of the E2 protein between virulent Shimen strain and a virulent C-strain of classical swine fever virus / 病毒学报

The E2 envelope glycoprotein of virulent Shimen strain and avirulent C-strain of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) has 5 and 6 potential glycosylation sites, respectively, and the potential glycosylation site 986N is unique to C-strain. To study the differences in glycosylation between the virus pair, the E2 genes (removing signal sequence and transmembrane anchor regions) of the two strains fused with the melittin signal sequence were expressed in the Sf9 insect cells. The recombinant E2 proteins were secreted into the medium of Sf9 cells in dimer form with different molecular weight (MW). Deglycosylation of the recombinant E2 proteins by endo H and PNGase F showed that the deglycosalated Shimen-E2 and HCLV-E2 have the same MW, indicating that the different MW between Shimen-E2 and HCLV-E2 proteins came from different glycosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis in the potential glycosylation site at 986N demonstrated that the mutated Shimen-E2 protein had the same MW as the wild-type HCLV-E2 protein, while the mutated HCLV-E2 had the same MW as the wild-type Shimen-E2 protein. We suggest that the different MW between Shimen-E2 and HCLV-E2 is resulted from the different glycosylation on 986 N glycosylation site.

The Protective Role of Ebselen and VitE on Hypertensive Heart Damage in NO-deficient Rats / 中华高血压杂志

Background Chronic administration with inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (N_?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME) induces persistent hypertension,cardiovascular remodeling,surrounding vascular fibrosis, necrosis and hypertrophy of myocardium,and inflammation in cardiovascular system.Local RAS involves in hyper- tension and remodeling of cardiovascular system,via increasing production of oxygen free radicals (OFR).Objec- tive To elucidate the preventive and therapeutic effect of antioxidant Ebselen and/or VitE on hypertensive heart damage in NO~- deficient rats induced by L-NAME.Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were administered with L- NAME 50 mg/(kg?d) by gavage for 8 weeks,and randomized to received a placebo(L),or Ebs(S,30 mg/kg?d), or VitE(V,40 mg/kg?d) or Ebs 30 mg/(kg?d)+VitE 40 mg/(kg?d),with 8 normal Wistar as control. Body mass and SBP were measured fortnightly.Plasma and homogenate of heart were collected for NO,Ang Ⅱ, GSH-PX,MDA and O_2~- determination.Results Eight weeks after L-NAME administration,SBP in experimental groups was obviously higher than that of control (P

Recombinant Baculoviruses as Mammalian Cell Gene-delivery Vectors:a Review / 中国生物工程杂志

The baculovirus expression system has been used extensively for the expression of recombinant proteins in insect cells.Recently,recombinant baculoviruses containing mammalian cell-active promoter element have been used to transduce a broad spectrum of primary and established mammalian cells,including non-hepatic cells.Recombinant baculoviruses have been used successfully for transient or stable gene delivery in mammalian cells in vitro,while the efficiency of delivering gene in vivo is inhibited obviously by complements,but efforts have been made to overcome the problems,for instance,VSV-G-pseudotyped baculoviruses display complement resistance.The mechanism of the transduction is still not clearly understood,though many researches have been done.The baculovirus is able to replicate only in insect cells,but it is incapable of initiating replication cycle in mammalian cells,which guarantees high biosafety of this gene delivery system.In addition,this system is easily manipulated and able to carry large inserts.These attributes will undoubtedly lead to the increased application and continued development of this system for highly effective gene delivery into mammalian cells.

Cloning, expression and purification of interferon-kappa, a novel human interferon, and its antiviral activity / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare human interferon-k (hIFN-kappa) and study its biological activities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Whole length of hIFN-kappa's cDNA was cloned, and its sequence was chemically synthesized according to the optimized codons of E.coli, then was expressed in E.coli DH5alpha. After purified, the rhIFN-kappa protein was tested for its various kinds of biological activities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The purity of rhIFN-kappa was above 90%. In WHIS-VSV system, the antiviral activity of rhIFN-kappa was 2.0 x 10(6) IU/mg. Compared with rhIFN-alpha-2b, the biological activities of rhIFN-kappa were all feeble, including antiviral activity, promoting NK cell activity and anti-proliferation activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Antiviral activities of rhIFN-kappa on cell lines of different species are different, different viruses show different sensitivity to rhIFN-kappa.</p>

Expression, purification and antiviral activities of a new recombinant human interferon-lambda2 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To express recombinant human interferon lambda2 in E.coli and to study its antiviral activities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to preferred codons used in E.coli, the highly-expressed human interferon lambda2 gene was designed, synthesized and cloned into expression vector pBV220 and transfected into E.coli DH5alpha. The expressed product was purified by using CM FF and size exclusion chromatography. Its antiviral activities were tested on different cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressed product was calculated about 15% of the total E.coli protein. The purified protein reached about 90% purity. Its specific antiviral activity was about 1.5 x 10(6) IU/mg on WISH/VSV test system. It was shown that the antiviral activity of the product on primates-origin cells seemed to be much higher than that on other non-primates-origin cells, indicating that interferon lambda2 possessed more stringent species specificity as compared with interferon-alpha2b. New interferon lambda2 showed similar anti-HBV activity as interferon-alpha2b.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recombinant human interferon lambda2 could be expressed on E.coli. The purified product showed more stringent species specificity and similar anti-HBV activity as compared with interferon-alpha2b.</p>